Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has been widely used for the treatment of hematopoietic diseases, nonetheless, major challenges persist, including a series of complications. The application of natural killer (NK) cells brings hope for improving the prognosis of patients after allo-HSCT. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) located on cytomembrane of donor NK cells and KIR-ligands mismatch plays a role in promoting the alloreactivity of NK cells, which maintains graft versus leukemia effects while reducing graft versus host disease. NK cells is the first immune cell subset to recover after allo-HSCT, so the monitoring of NK cells chimerism plays an significant role in predicting the prognosis of diseases and the intervention treatment. Furthermore, NK cells infusion based on chimerism is likely to improve the prognosis, which shows a broad application prospect in hematopoietic diseases. This article is to review the research progress of aforementioned aspects. Key words: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Natural killer cell; Alloreactivity; Chimerism; Graft versus host disease; Graft rejection
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