Abstract
In order to use secondary waste from an incineration plant, it is necessary to process or treat it. Valorization of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA) is a popular treatment method. Moreover, there are other possibilities, such as alkaline pre-treatment, which can be used for the rest of the secondary waste from incineration plants, especially hazardous fly ash. The purpose of this study is to show the problem of secondary waste in Poland in relation to the rest of Europe. Due to the physicochemical research of secondary waste, the possibilities of the procedure and its management are indicated. By analyzing the literature and the market, the latest possibilities for improving the physicochemical properties of secondary waste are proposed. Searching for new methods for waste management is essential to the environment. This manuscript presents the problem of the increasing amount of waste, as well as possibilities to close the loop, and minimize the negative impact on the environment. Additionally, the article shows that environmental benefits can be achieved by replacing raw material with secondary waste.
Highlights
In 2017, approximately 29.4 million Mg of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA)was produced in Europe, from 492 million tons of municipal solid waste
In Poland, 0.24 million tons of MSWIBA was produced in six incineration plants
If MSWIBA is subject to valorization, it can be used in the construction industry, e.g., during road building as an aggregate or concrete components
Summary
In 2017, approximately 29.4 million Mg of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA). Was produced in Europe, from 492 million tons of municipal solid waste. The biggest producer of MSWIBA in Europe was Germany, which created 8.04 million Mg. In Poland, 0.24 million tons of MSWIBA was produced in six incineration plants. If MSWIBA is subject to valorization, it can be used in the construction industry, e.g., during road building as an aggregate or concrete components. There are a few options for slag preparation: valorization, NaOH pre-treatment, Na2 CO3 pre-treatment, CaOH2 pre-treatment, as well as combinations of Na2 SiO3 /NaOH pre-treatment [2,3,4]
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