Abstract
Due to the increase in contamination of aquatic niches by different heavy metals, different technologies have been studied to eliminate these pollutants from contaminated aquatic sources. So the objective of this work was to determine the removal of cobalt (II) in aqueous solution by the biomass of the aquatic lily or water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) which, is one of the main weeds present in fresh water, due to its rapid reproduction, growth, and high competitiveness, by the colorimetric method of the methyl isobutyl ketone. The removal was evaluated at different pHs (4.0–8.0) for 28 h. The effect of temperature in the range from 20 °C to 50 °C and the removal at different initial concentrations of cobalt (II) of 100 to 500 mg/L was also studied. The highest bioadsorption (100 mg/L) was at 28 h, at pH 5.0 and 28 °C, with a removal capacity of 73.1%, which is like some reports in the literature. Regarding the temperature, the highest removal was at 50 °C, at 28 h, with a removal of 89%. At the metal and biomass concentrations analyzed, its removal was 82% with 400–500 mg/L, and 100% with 5 g of natural biomass at 20 h. In addition, this completely removes the metal in situ (100 mg/L in contaminated water, at 7 days of incubation, with 10 g of natural biomass in 100 mL). So, the natural biomass can be used to remove it from industrial wastewater, even if in vivo, only eliminate 17.3% in 4 weeks.
Highlights
The great industrial growth has produced a progressive increase in wastewater discharges from the same and, a deterioration in water quality
The bioadsorption of 100 mg/L of cobalt (II) was analyzed, at different incubation times at the following pH values: 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0 finding that at pH 5.0, 73.1% of the metal was removed at 28 h (Figure 2)
In relation to the temperature, the highest removal was observed at 50 ◦ C, since at 28 h 88.9% of the metal in solution is removed, while at 20 ◦ C, 58.3% is removed at the same time (Figure 3)
Summary
The great industrial growth has produced a progressive increase in wastewater discharges from the same and, a deterioration in water quality. 1 mg/L, despite their low concentration levels, they have important chemical and biological implications in systems natural aquatic [3] When they are above certain concentrations, as occurs in the case of some discharges, they become harmful both for the environment and for living beings, being able to affect the normal metabolism of an organism, either because they bind to non-specific biomolecules or because they cause oxidative damage due to its ability to catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions. This can lead to a deactivation of essential enzymatic reactions, damage to cell structures or DNA (mutagenesis). The most used methods to remove heavy metals in wastewater are chemical precipitation, filtration, coagulation, solvent extraction, electrolysis, membrane separation, ion exchange, and sorption techniques [6]
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