Removal of Cobalt, Nickel, Cadmium, and Lead from Wastewater by Phytoremediation

Abstract

AbstractToday, heavy metals, which seriously affect ecosystems, are one of the most important problems to be solved. To remove heavy metals, the phytoremediation method, which is one of the easy and applicable methods, comes to the fore. To get the highest yield from the unit area in agriculture, many implementations like treatment sludge, chemical fertilizers, soil conditioners, hormones, pesticides and using wastewater in irrigation, are carried out. The rapidly and unevenly increasing world population, malnutrition, unplanned urbanization with inappropriate land use, perilous wastes, fast-disappearing forests and green areas, consumption and senseless energy production, industrialization, heavy metal–laden products caused by industrial factories and mineral deposits, the negative effects created by human activities and many other similar ones are the most important environmental problems experienced today. On the other hand, to solve the wastewater problem in the world and our country, by using the most appropriate technology, with minimum cost, a healthy study should be carried out so that it can be used again, especially in agriculture. Removing heavy metals and organic pollutants that may arise from industrial wastewater by aquatic plants is becoming common. In particular, studies and researches on determining the accumulation capacity of aquatic plants used in wastewater treatment and which families will be the solution to this issue should be increased. Studies have shown that heavy metals cause corruption in many physiological events like transpiration, stomatal movements, protein synthesis, photosynthesis, water absorption, enzyme activity, sprouting, membrane stability, and hormonal balance in plants because of their venomous effects. For this reason, plants that can accumulate heavy metals and plant assets that adapt according to climatic changes will increase the applicability of the phytoremediation method. In this study, phytoremediation methods used in the removal of common lead, cobalt, nickel, and cadmium heavy metals and hyperaccumulator plants will be emphasized. In the removal of these heavy metals, aquatic hyperaccumulator plants determined today will be put forward and recommendations will be made to solve these problems in wastewater.KeywordsRemediationWastewaterHeavy metalAquatic plantsHyperaccumulator