Relationship between low vitamin D level and metabolic syndrome in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the relationship between low vitamin D level and metabolic syndrome (MS) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods A total of 143 patients who had received MHD from Jan 2016 to Jan 2017 in the dialysis center of our hospital were enrolled. Their clinical and laboratory data were collected. The serum 25(OH)D3 levels were measured by chemiluminescence instrument. According to the levels of 25(OH)D3, patients were divided into three groups: sufficient group (>30 μg/L), insufficient group (15-30 μg/L) and deficient group (<15 μg/L) to explore how the 25(OH)D3 were associated with MS and abnormal metabolic parameters, including central obesity, raised triglycerides (TG), reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),raised systolic blood pressure (SBP), raised diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and increased fasting blood glucose (FBG). The risk factors of MS and abnormal metabolic factors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model. Results Among the 143 MHD patients, the median of serum 25(OH)D3 was 24.30(12.90, 29.50) μg/L and the prevalence of MS was 45.45%(65 cases). Among 3 groups the prevalence of MS, the abdominal circumference and the serum TG showed statistical differences, and they increased with the severity of 25(OH)D3 deficiency (all P<0.05). The body mass indexes of patients in the insufficient and deficient groups were elevated compared with that in the sufficient group (all P<0.05). SBP, TG and FBG in deficient group were significantly higher but HDL-C was lower than those in the other two groups (all P<0.05). The more abnormal metabolism existed, the lower 25(OH)D3 levels patients had (H=61.316, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in MHD patients low 25(OH)D3 negatively correlated with MS (OR=0.889, 95%CI 0.846-0.934, P<0.001) and abnormal metabolic factors central obesity (OR=0.913, 95%CI 0.874-0.953, P<0.001), raised TG (OR=0.932, 95%CI 0.894-0.971, P=0.001), reduced HDL-C (OR=0.901, 95%CI 0.845-0.959, P=0.001), raised SBP (OR=0.898, 95%CI 0.847-0.953, P<0.001) and raised FBG (OR=0.956, 95%CI 0.920-0.994, P=0.024). Conclusions The prevalence of MS is high in MHD patients and low levels of 25(OH)D3 may be an independent risk factor for MS and abnormal metabolic factors. Key words: Renal dialysis; Vitamin D deficiency; Calcifediol; Metabolic syndrome X