Relation of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pre-Menopause Women with Calcium and Vitamin D Levels at Teaching Hospital

Abstract

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common condition influenced by various factors, such as age, symptom duration, and other biochemical markers. Premenopausal women often experience premenstrual syndrome (PMS), which is frequently associated with reduced blood levels of calcium and vitamin D. Given the worldwide public health concern of osteoporosis, understanding lifetime preventive measures is crucial. Methods: This study aimed to explore the relationship between IDA and various clinical characteristics in 161 participants. We evaluated parameters including age, symptom duration, and levels of calcium and vitamin D to identify potential associations with IDA. Data for the 161 patients were collected using a predesigned proforma, as approved by the ethics committee. The Chi-square test was employed to determine statistical significance, with a P-value threshold set at 0.05. Results: The average age of participants was 38.6 years, with the majority (58.4%) reporting symptoms for an average duration of 58.4 months. Among them, 54% had confirmed cases of IDA. However, there was no significant age-related correlation with IDA. Notably, a strong correlation was observed between IDA and low vitamin D levels, which were present in 79.8% of the patients. Conversely, no significant relationship was found between calcium levels and IDA. Conclusion: Current research underscores the complex interplay between IDA and various clinical factors. Low vitamin D levels appear to be strongly linked with IDA, whereas age and symptom duration are not reliable indicators of the condition. This emphasizes the importance of considering multiple factors in the diagnosis and treatment of IDA, particularly focusing on the potential role of vitamin D in its pathogenesis. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm and expand upon these findings, potentially leading to improved treatment and diagnostic strategies for patients with IDA.