Reinforcing Li-ion batteries with electrochemical impedance Spectroscopy

Abstract

Global transformations in the disciplines of autonomous vehicles, machine intelligence, and aerostructureshave led to an unprecedented utilizationofLithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) due to their superlative characteristics. As electrochemicalexploration grows more significant, analytical approaches for determining the status of Li-ionbatteries are becoming more prominent. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a commercially efficacious non-destructive technique for analyzing LIBs due to its convenience, frequency, accuracy, and relatively inexpensiveness. EIS can anticipate the internal thermal fluctuations of LIB efficiently and precisely; no mechanical heating elements or thermal models are obligated. This study incorporates the EIS's operational model as well as techniques for estimating the temperature in LIBs such as impedance, phase shift, and intercept. In addition, EIS applications for LIBs, notably resistance of the bulk (Rb), charge transfer reaction (Rct), and interface layer (RSEI) are demonstrated, and the paper culminates with a brief discussion and challenges of EIS-based Li-ion batteries.