Abstract
Most of electric and hybrid cars are city oriented due to their reduced pollution and small range. In this paper we intend to analyse kinematics and energy distribution during braking in the scope of city use cases. The purpose is to identify optimization criteria based on system limitations. Our proposal is to describe each case from point of view of kinematics (velocity, acceleration), energy (kinematic energy, instantaneous power). Having relations between data and the results helps us to form optimization strategies: a strategy oriented on driver comfort and two resulted from regenerative braking system component limits. Based on results, maximizing acceleration until its comfort value, in city conditions, does not generate unsupported instantaneous power for generator or energy storage system for an average electric car. Power limitation became more important when keeping same strategy for speed higher than 50 kph. In this case electric vehicles with small battery capacity and hybrid vehicles could show lower efficiency, as more kinetic energy will be dissipated by friction brakes. Presented strategies can be used to implement braking system controlling algorithm for regenerative brakes/friction brakes ratio on-the-fly optimization.
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