Reflections on Enhancing Higher Education Classroom Effectiveness Through the Introduction of Large Language Models

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the potential of integrating Large language models (LLMs) into higher education to enhance teaching effectiveness. It investigates how LLMs can support personalized learning, improve teacher - student interaction, and foster content innovation. The study also addresses the challenges associated with the use of LLMs, including the transformation of the teacherʼs role, data privacy concerns, and technical limitations in handling complex cognitive tasks. Methods: A mixed - method approach was used, combining a literature review, survey, and case study analysis. The literature review focused on artificial intelligence applications in education, while a survey was conducted among 120 professors and 533 students from five universities in China to gather quantitative data on their experiences with AI in education. Case studies were also analyzed to assess the effectiveness of LLM - supported learning platforms in enhancing classroom engagement, interaction, and teaching outcomes. Results: The survey results revealed that 68% of professors and 74% of students found LLMs beneficial for personalized learning and improved classroom engagement. However, 58% of professors raised concerns regarding the changing role of teachers and data privacy issues, while 49% of students worried about over - reliance on AI affecting their independent learning. Case studies showed a 30% improvement in teacher - student interaction and a 25% increase in student engagement, although LLMs struggled with advanced cognitive tasks in specialized fields such as mathematics. Conclusion: The study concludes that while LLMs offer significant advantages in improving personalized learning and enhancing interaction, their integration into higher education must be managed carefully. Teacher training, ethical considerations, and data privacy safeguards are essential. Future research should focus on optimizing LLMs for specialized academic fields and exploring their combination with emerging technologies like virtual reality and augmented reality to create more interactive learning environments.