Abstract
Reflection and transmission secondary emission ratios have been measured for a thin Si sample with one surface activated to a state of negative electron affinity. Reflection-mode gains of 950 were observed at 20-keV primary energy. The highest transmission secondary emission ratio was 725 at 20-keV primary energy. The high secondary emission gains result from the effective negative electron affinity at the surface of the sample together with a long escape depth for internal secondaries.
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