Recombinant Vaccine - A Vaccine Development and Antigen for Controlling Jembrana Disease in Bali Cattle

Abstract

Most vaccines in Indonesia were initially made up from relying on attenuation or inactivation of pathogens. However, there have been developed several recombinant vaccines for poultry diseases. There have not been noticed recombinant vaccines for ruminant animals. Advances in molecular biology, genomics and proteomics have facilitated in creating of vaccine development. Nowadays, vaccine can be developed by approach of recombinant protein technology. Jembrana disease is a viral and infectious disease and only attacks in Bali cattle. Up to present the vaccination of Jembrana disease has been conducting by using a crude vaccine which is made up from infected lymph origin and processed by ultra-centrifuge and emulsified with adjuvant. This crude vaccine has a short immunity for about 3 months. Breakthrough in molecular biology with approach of protein recombinant technology, Jembrana vaccine was developed in our laboratory of Animal Molecular Genetics of the Research Center for Biotechnology – LIPI. Jembrana disease virus (JDV) belongs to Lentivirus, it has three major genes termed as gag, pol and env. These genes encode proteins needed for replication of the virus. The env gene encodes TM and SU proteins located on surface of the virus and induce a protective immunity against lentivirus infections. Another protein is TAT which encoded by tat gene as one of small accessory genes located between pol and env genes. Two genes of tat and env su were originated from infected lymph by Jembrana virus and constructed into vector plasmid pET. Lately the two of tat and env su genes were synthetically made up and constructed into vector plasmid of pBT-7-His-C. Both nature and synthetic gene original constructions were transformed through Escherichia coli strain BL21. Both nature and synthetic tat gene original were already expressed in a small scale production of protein recombinant. The protein recombinant JTAT was first used in field trial for vaccine candidate and was examined by ELISA for jembrana disease detecting as diagnostic candidate. The result of both field trial and detecting Jembrana disease will be discussed for vaccine and antigen candidates, respectively.