Spatial effects on air quality due to the capital city relocation

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Abstract This study aims to analyze the spatial effects of air quality determinants in Kalimantan. The research method was quantitative utilizing secondary data. The technique used was spatial econometrics with the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM). The results indicate spatial dependence of air quality between a region and its neighboring areas in Kalimantan. Per capita income and population density have an impact on air quality within their region. Meanwhile, per capita income, population density, forest fires, and the number of vehicles in neighboring areas also influence the air quality in a region. The findings of this study highlight the importance of designing mitigation strategies to achieve sustainable development in Kalimantan, considering that population growth and economic activity have the potential to threaten air quality. The interaction and spatial dependence of air quality between regions necessitate coordinated regulations, including monitoring and supervision, to ensure that economic activities in Kalimantan comply with applicable environmental quality standards.