Recent Progress on Non-invasive Wearable Epidermal Biosensors

Abstract

Wearable biosensors have the potential to provide valuable information about our physiological states and transform traditional healthcare. Compared to traditional blood sampling, on-body analysis of non-invasive biofluids can offer continuous and painless monitoring of relevant biomarkers. Recent developments in epidermal sensors feature integrated systems capable of sensing multiple factors while providing easy readout and great skin conformity. Innovative solutions based on advanced material fabrication and novel designs have also emerged to address challenges such as power, sensor sensitivity and selectivity, and communication. As a result, more possibilities have emerged to develop sophisticated integrations with more functionalities, optimized skin conformity, and less disruption of daily routine. While sensing performance and functions continue to improve, attention should also be drawn to practical problems such as biofouling, contamination, and complex composition dynamics. Moreover, although past and current research have highlighted studies investigating the use of sweat in diagnostics, more evidence of correlations between sweat biomarker levels and physiological conditions is needed to promote the utility of these systems.