Abstract
Triboelectricity has long been discussed from ancient Greece to modern times in daily life experiences as well as in the earliest stages of planet formation and the cutting-edge triboelectric nanogenerator technology. Despite the numerous efforts from scientists and engineers, fundamental understanding of the friction-driven static electrification has remained elusive. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the microscopic origin of triboelectricity, directly associated with frictional energy dissipation at the interface, from mechanochemistry, strain-driven polarization, and tribo-tunneling to thermoelectricity. Noticeably, we note that the microscopic thermoelectric charging mechanism due to interfacial frictional heat offers a generally applicable, but exactly solvable triboelectric model in the weakly interacting regime, implying many opportunities in triboelectric based science and technology in the future.
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