Abstract
Catheterization is a common medical operation to diagnose and treat cardiovascular diseases. The blood vessel lumen is coated with endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL), which is important for the permeability and diffusion through the blood vessels wall, blood hemodynamics and mechanotransduction. However EGL’s role in catheter-blood vessel friction is not explored. We use a porcine aorta to mimic the blood vessel and a catheter loop was made to rub in reciprocating sliding mode against it to understand the role of catheter loop curvature, stiffness, normal load, sliding speed and EGL on the friction properties. Trypsin treatment was used to cause a degradation of the EGL. Decrease in catheter loop stiffness and EGL degradation were the strongest factors which dramatically increased the coefficient of friction (COF) and frictional energy dissipation at the aorta-catheter interface. Increasing sliding speed caused an increase but increase in normal load first caused a decrease and then an increase in the COF and frictional energy. These results provide the basic data for safety of operation and damage control during catheterization in patients with degraded EGL.
Highlights
Catheterization is a common medical operation to diagnose and treat cardiovascular diseases
The contact area measured at 0.75 N first increased but showed a decrease as the length of the catheter increased (Fig. 2c), this could be due to the combined effect of the continuous decrease in stiffness of the model catheter loop with length and the sensitivity limit of prescale i.e. when the stiffness becomes too low the prescale is not able to register any contact area
Model catheter loops A, B and C, when brought in contact with aorta show a continuous increase in contact area (Fig. 2d) with increasing the normal load
Summary
Catheterization is a common medical operation to diagnose and treat cardiovascular diseases. Increasing sliding speed caused an increase but increase in normal load first caused a decrease and an increase in the COF and frictional energy These results provide the basic data for safety of operation and damage control during catheterization in patients with degraded EGL. The role played by load, sliding speed, presence of EGL, catheter curvature on the frictional behavior of the blood vessel-catheter interface is not well described in the literature. This is the main aim of this study and in order to achieve the aim an accurate and effective contact model between the blood vessel and vascular catheter has been developed
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