Recent advances on the recovery, modulation and synthetic biology of gut microbiota and hosts

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<p indent="0mm">Gut microbiota is closely related to host health. The interactions between gut microbiota and hosts are complex, including the relationships between microbiota and the immune system, gut-brain axis, gut-lung axis etc. Gut microbiota disorders are related to the occurrence and development of some diseases, and some microbial strains are identified to be the cause of some diseases. Moreover, gut microbiota has effects on drug metabolism, and the individual differences of gut microbiota might lead to the different individual effects of the same drug. Therefore, recovering individual gut microbiota is essential for the implementation of individual precision medical treatment. Gut microbiota is alterable, and gut microbiota can be modulated at healthy state by dietary regulation, probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics supplement, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Besides, microbiota editing techniques and synthetic microbiota have been applied in the modulation of gut microbiota. Currently, modulation of gut microbiota has become one of the effective strategies to improve or cure some diseases. This review summarized the interactions between gut microbiota and hosts, the correlations and causal relationships between gut microbiota and diseases, the ways to improve human health by modulating gut microbiota, and gave insights into the application of microbiome and synthetic biology on the modulation and synthesis of gut microbiota.