Abstract
Recent advances in the research of artificial antigen have shown that artificial antigens can be valuable approach for the treatment of some diseases as well as the detection of pesticide residues. By directly/indirectly coupling hapten to an appropriated carrier (macromolecule), artificial antigen can induce animals to produce hapten-specific antibody. Based on this principle, various vaccines have been developed. More impotently, new analytical method, immunological analysis has also been established. Comparing the conventional technologies, such as chromatographic methods, this promising method offers an alternative with high specificity, sensitivity, simplicity and suitability for the analysis of a large number of samples in a short period of time. In this review, we describe the recent advances in the synthesis of artificial antigen and its application in the detection of pesticide residues.
Highlights
Being a novel and promising analytical technique, immunoassay with high specificity, sensitivity, simplicity and suitability for the analysis of a large number of samples in a short period of time, has exhibited potential usage in the detection of pesticide residues [1,2]
The conventional methods usually require a lot of complex pre-treatment of samples
The critical component of an immunoassay is the production of antibodies presenting maximum specificity and sensitivity for the targeted hapten
Summary
Being a novel and promising analytical technique, immunoassay with high specificity, sensitivity, simplicity and suitability for the analysis of a large number of samples in a short period of time, has exhibited potential usage in the detection of pesticide residues [1,2]. Conventional methods employed to detect/analyze the pesticide residue are chromatographic techniques such as gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which, are time consuming and require sophisticated equipment only available in well-equipped laboratories[3, 4]. Haptens do not allow themselves to induce an immune response because of their low molecular weight ( ≤ 1000 Da). They have to be covalently linked to appropriated carriers, such as protein, to form an artificial immunogenic conjugate to indirectly induce B cell to proliferate, differentiate and produce hapten-specific antibodies [6]
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