Abstract
Stroke is the most prevalent cardiovascular disease worldwide, and is still one of the leading causes of death and disability. Stem cell-based therapy is actively being investigated as a new potential treatment for certain neurological disorders, including stroke. Various types of cells, including bone marrow mononuclear cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, dental pulp stem cells, neural stem cells, inducible pluripotent stem cells, and genetically modified stem cells have been found to improve neurological outcomes in animal models of stroke, and there are some ongoing clinical trials assessing their efficacy in humans. In this review, we aim to summarize the recent advances in cell-based therapies to treat stroke.
Highlights
Early interventions to treat damage caused by reperfusion such as intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular revascularization have shown significant benefits in stroke patients, stroke remains a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide
Stem cells such as bone marrow mesenchymal stem (BMSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) require a period of cell culture before transplantation, whereas mononuclear cells (MNCs) can be collected autologously just prior to administration, which could be advantageous in acute clinical care settings compared with other cell sources
Savitz et al previously reported that intravenous infusion of autologous MNCs within 24–72 h after a stroke might be effective compared with a control group of age- and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score-matched historical stroke patients [31]
Summary
Early interventions to treat damage caused by reperfusion such as intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular revascularization have shown significant benefits in stroke patients, stroke remains a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide. Stroke is associated with socioeconomic problems resulting from factors such as increased family burden and medical costs. Experimental laboratory results of stem cell-based therapy using different cell types have been promising, and some clinical trials are beginning to prove the safety and efficacy of this intervention [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. We aim to summarize the studies of bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs), bone marrow mesenchymal stem (BMSCs), dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and genetically modified stem cells used for stem cell therapy, including their mechanisms of action and the beneficial effects following stroke in animal models and human studies
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