Abstract
A closure evaluation of the hygroscopic response in refractive index (n) was completed with measurements and a semi‐empirical model using aqueous solutions containing inorganic salts, dicarboxylic acids, and their mixtures. Measurements of n were made for subsaturated aqueous solutions at select mass fractions of solute with an ellipsometer and a refractometer. The semi‐empirical model was based on the Zdanovskii‐Stokes‐Robinson (ZSR) mixing rule, the partial molar refraction (PMR) method and previously published thermodynamic data. Closure was obtained within 0.75%, as represented by the average absolute error, for n values obtained from the ellipsometry/refractometry measurements and the ZSR‐PMR model for aqueous solutions. It was observed that the hygroscopic response of n on relative humidity could be described by a linear equation. Sensitivity of the top of the atmosphere aerosol radiative forcing to changes in n is also discussed. Finally, strengths and limitations for the ellipsometer, the refractometer, and the ZSR‐PMR method, are discussed.
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