Abstract
Tinospora sinensis, a kind of Chinese folk medicine, has functions of harmonizing qi and blood, dredging the channels and collaterals, calming and soothing the nerves. In the present study, a method based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap) was developed for the systematical characterization of the non-diterpenoid constituents which possessed remarkable biological activities in T. sinensis, like anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic activity and immunomodulatory activity. Based on the accurate mass measurement (<5 ppm), retention times and MS fragmentation ions, 60 non-diterpenoid constituents were unambiguously or tentatively characterized from T. sinensis extract, including 27 alkaloids, 23 phenylpropanoids, seven sesquiterpenoids and three other constituents. Among them, 13 compounds were tentatively identified as new compounds. Finally, three of the non-diterpenoid constituents were purified and identified, which further confirmed the validity of the results. This study demonstrated that the HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MSn platform was a useful and efficient analytical tool to screen and identify constituents in natural medicine.
Highlights
Tinospora sinensis is derived from the dried stems of Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr., which was officially documented in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015) with the nameKuanjinteng [1]
Reference compounds, including trans-syringin, tinocordiside, tinosposide A, N-trans-caffeoyltyramine were isolated from T. sinensis by the authors and their structures were fully characterized by chemical and spectroscopic methods (NMR and MS)
An effective and sensitive analytical method by HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MSn was established for systematically characterizing non-diterpenoid constituents and guiding the extraction and isolation in T. sinensis extract
Summary
Tinospora sinensis is derived from the dried stems of Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr. (familyMenispermaceae), which was officially documented in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015) with the nameKuanjinteng [1]. T. sinensis is commonly employed to treat various diseases. Tibetan medicine thought that T. sinensis could be used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, while Indian Ayurveda usually employed this ethnic drug in treatment for diabetes [2]. Pharmacological studies and clinical practice have demonstrated that the extracts of T. sinensis possessed various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-radiant, insecticidal and immunosuppressive effects [3,4,5,6]. T. sinensis has complicated chemical composition, including diterpenoids, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, sesquiterpenes, triterpenoids, sterols, amino acids, and so on. Diterpenoids are considered as the most abundant constituents. We have systematic reported of diterpenoids in T. sinensis. Some non-diterpenoid constituents show good pharmacological activities which are probably closely related to its traditional efficacy. Two carboxylic acid esters isolated from T. sinensis showed significant
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