Abstract
Purpose: To identify the metabolites of gardenin A (GA) in rat liver microsomes (RLMs) using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion-trap Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLCLTQ- Orbitrap).Methods: The sample was prepared by incubating GA (100 μg/mL) with RLMs (0.5 mg/mL) for 8 h. Then 5 μL of the sample was injected into UHPLC-LTQ- orbitrap mass spectrometer. The metabolites of GA were tentatively identified based on accurate mass measurements, fragmentation patterns, chromatographic retention times, and bibliography data.Results: A total of 12 metabolites were detected and identified. Based on their structures, the main reactions in the metabolism of GA are de-methoxylation and de-methylation.Conclusion: This is the first report on in vitro metabolites of GA. These results are considered very helpful for better comprehension of the metabolism of GA and its pharmacological effects.Keywords: Gardenin A, Metabolites, UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap, Rat Liver microsomes
Highlights
Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, called “qianlixiang in chinese” in China, belongs to the family Rutaceae
High performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry has become a popular, and the main method for the structural characterization of drug metabolites in vivo and in vitro due to its high efficiency, sensitivity, and selectivity
Platforms, ultra–high performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) [13,14,15] such as UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap is especially useful for the characterization of drug metabolites due to its higher and faster separation and resolution capacities
Summary
Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, called “qianlixiang in chinese” in China, belongs to the family Rutaceae. High performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry has become a popular, and the main method for the structural characterization of drug metabolites in vivo and in vitro due to its high efficiency, sensitivity, and selectivity. Among several different LC/MS platforms, ultra–high performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) [13,14,15] such as UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap is especially useful for the characterization of drug metabolites due to its higher and faster separation and resolution capacities. The present study was carried out identify the metabolites of GA in rat liver microsomes (RLMs) with a view to providing better understanding of the metabolism of the drug and its pharmacological effects. Blank RLMs samples were used as control to compare with the analyzed samples, and they were all processed under the same conditions
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