Rapid and efficient synthesis of metal-free phthalocyanine derivatives

Abstract

Metal-free phthalocyanine derivatives have been synthesized in very short times with high yields in the presence of 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium trifluoroacetate (TMGT) as an ionic liquid or tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) as a phase transfer reagent under both classical heating conditions and using microwave irradiation. The best results were obtained with ionic liquid. Both the ionic liquid and phase transfer reagent can be recycled for subsequent reactions and reused without appreciable loss of efficiency.