Abstract

Rabies virus is an ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus that is transmitted by animal vectors and causes fatal acute infection of the central nervous system in humans and animals. The virus spreads in the host in peripheral nerves and in the central nervous system by retrograde fast axonal transport. Rabies virus spreads to involve salivary glands in rabies vectors and is secreted in the saliva and is transmitted by biting. Hydrophobia is a characteristic feature with spasms of inspiratory muscles, including the diaphragm. Rabies is almost invariably fatal and no effective therapy is available. After recognized exposures, rabies can be effectively prevented with wound cleansing and active (rabies vaccine) and passive (human rabies immune globulin) immunization.

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