Abstract
Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau (Moraceae) shows numerous pharmacological effects and has been used in traditional herbal remedies for inflammation, gastritis, tumors, and liver diseases. However, no validated analytical method for the standardization and optimization of the biological properties of C. tricuspidata preparations has been reported. We developed and validated a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the separation and quantification of active markers. Ethanolic extracts of C. tricuspidata leaves were prepared and evaluated for chemical profiles and biological activities. The 80% ethanolic extract demonstrated the greatest antioxidant activity and phenolic content, while the 100% ethanolic extract had the greatest total flavonoid content and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity. The validated HPLC method confirmed that chlorogenic acid, rutin, and kaempferol were present in C. tricuspidata leaf extracts. We postulated that the antioxidant and anti-hyperuricemic/gout effects of C. tricuspidata extract could be attributed to these marker compounds. Our results suggested that the flavonoid-rich fraction of the leaf extract may be utilized for the treatment and prevention of hyperuricemia-related diseases, and the validated method and marker compounds could be applied for the quality control of C. tricuspidata preparations.
Highlights
Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau (Moraceae) is cultivated in South Korea and is used in traditional herbal remedies for inflammation, gastritis, tumors, and liver cell damage [1]
Ethanolic extracts of C. tricuspidata leaves were successfully prepared with varying ethanol contents and evaluated for their chemical profiles and biological activities
The 80% ethanolic extract was found to have the highest antioxidant activity and phenolic content, while the 100% ethanolic extract had the highest number of total flavonoids and highest xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity
Summary
Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau (Moraceae) is cultivated in South Korea and is used in traditional herbal remedies for inflammation, gastritis, tumors, and liver cell damage [1]. Molecules 2017, 22, 1489 has demonstrated anti-atherosclerotic [2], anti-inflammatory [3], antioxidant [4], neuroprotective [5], hepatoprotective [6], and cytotoxic activity [7]. C. tricuspidata fruit is reported to have neuroprotective [8], anti-inflammatory [9,10], pancreatic lipase inhibitory [11], mast cell activating [12], monoamine oxidase inhibitory [13], and anti-obesity effects [14]. A previous study reported that C. tricuspidata leaves inhibited lipase activity, reduced plasma triacylglycerol levels, and delayed lipid absorption in vivo [15]
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