Abstract
Dendropanax morbifera H. Levis a medicinal plant native to South Korea, East Asia, and South America. Among some 75 species, one species grows in Korea. In previous studies, D. morbifera extracts with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-complementary and anti-cancer activities were reported. The present study aims to investigate optimization of extraction and evaluation of anti-hyperuricemic effects of D. morbifera leaf and the phytochemicals contained therein. Ethanol and hexane extract were found to display the best xanthine oxidase inhibition among six types of solvent and water extract. The antioxidant effect of the ethanol extract was superior to that of the hexane extract. The DPPH radical scavenging effect of the ethanol and hexane extracts were 81.52 ± 1.57% and 2.69 ± 0.16. The reducing power of the ethanol and hexane extracts were 9.71 ± 0.15 and 0.89 ± 0.01 mg/g equivalent of gallic acid. Total phenols of the ethanol and hexane extracts were 6.53 ± 0.16 and 0.63 ± 0.001 mg/g equivalent of gallic acid. In addition, we compared the two marker compounds from D. morbifera, chlorogenic acid and rutin, which were determined in the ethanol extract at 0.80 ± 0.03% and 0.52 ± 0.01%, respectively. We found that the ethanol extracts showed better xanthine oxidase inhibition than hexane extracts. Especially, ethanol extracts showed higher antioxidant activity than hexane extracts. Based on these results, we selected the ethanol extract as an effective xanthine oxidase inhibitor and confirmed whether ethanol extracts showed xanthine oxidase inhibition in animal experiments. The in vivo mouse study demonstrated that ethanol extract of D. morbifera leaf at the dose of 300 mg/kg could inhibit blood/hepatic xanthine oxidase activity and this result shows that the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity in vitro is reproduced in vivo. The present study showed that ethanol extract was optimal xanthine oxidase inhibitor which can be applied to prevent diseases related to hyperuricemia.
Highlights
Dendropanax morbifera (Aralicaceae), called ginseng tree, is a perennial tree that grows in forests in the southern regions in South Korea
We found that the extract of D. morbifera leaf exhibited in vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, indicating that it could serve as a functional source for anti-hyperuricemia agents [2]
Based on a chromatographic measurement, we found that the two indicator substances were not detected in the hexane extract, but rutin (0.52%) and chlorogenic acid (0.8%) were detected in the ethanol extract
Summary
Dendropanax morbifera (Aralicaceae), called ginseng tree, is a perennial tree that grows in forests in the southern regions in South Korea. A few studies have been carried out investigating D. morbifera as a functional food and medicinal source [2]. This plant has been reported to exhibit various pharmacologic effects including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anticomplementary, anti-amnesic, and antidiabetic activities [3,4,5,6]. We found that the extract of D. morbifera leaf exhibited in vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, indicating that it could serve as a functional source for anti-hyperuricemia agents [2]. We investigated the optimum extraction of D. morbifera leaf as well as the biological activities of extracts from D. morbifera leaf to evaluate their feasibility as an anti-hyperuricemic source. The optimized extract from D. morbifera leaf was prepared and evaluated for its antioxidant and XO inhibitory activities of D. morbifera leaf extract in vivo
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