Abstract
Quality of service (QoS)-aware data gathering in static-channel based underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is severely limited due to location and time-dependent acoustic channel communication characteristics. This paper proposes a novel cross-layer QoS-aware multichannel routing protocol called QoSRP for the internet of UWSNs-based time-critical marine monitoring applications. The proposed QoSRP scheme considers the unique characteristics of the acoustic communication in highly dynamic network topology during gathering and relaying events data towards the sink. The proposed QoSRP scheme during the time-critical events data-gathering process employs three basic mechanisms, namely underwater channel detection (UWCD), underwater channel assignment (UWCA) and underwater packets forwarding (UWPF). The UWCD mechanism finds the vacant channels with a high probability of detection and low probability of missed detection and false alarms. The UWCA scheme assigns high data rates channels to acoustic sensor nodes (ASNs) with longer idle probability in a robust manner. Lastly, the UWPF mechanism during conveying information avoids congestion, data path loops and balances the data traffic load in UWSNs. The QoSRP scheme is validated through extensive simulations conducted by NS2 and AquaSim 2.0 in underwater environments (UWEs). The simulation results reveal that the QoSRP protocol performs better compared to existing routing schemes in UWSNs.
Highlights
The ocean covers more than 70% of the Earth’s surface and it is vital for human life
Most current underwater networks rely upon acoustic telemetry to communicate, but current acoustic modem technology is very limited by the low signal propagation speed in water and no commercial system can exceed a range
The design of a Quality of service (QoS)-aware routing protocol for time-critical events data gathering is the major concern in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs)
Summary
The ocean covers more than 70% of the Earth’s surface and it is vital for human life. The proposed protocol achieves low latency performance and increases the packets delivery rates and throughput, but it faces the issues of communication overheads in UWSNs. The protocol proposed in [19] exploits the link quality of relay ASNs by considering the cross-layer design paradigm during forwarding packets around connectivity voids and shadow zones in UWSNs. the research in [20] discusses a cross-layer location-free single-copy protocol for reliable data gathering in UWSNs. The developed scheme due to its dynamic controls transmit power and channel frequency mechanisms avoids overhead introduced by redundant packets, balance energy consumption and increases the packet delivery rate in UWSNs. the study in [21] presents a cross-layer cooperative routing protocol in which the ASNs selects the forwarding relay ASN based on their link quality indicators towards the destination.
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