Publication d'auteurs roms contemporains de Russie : « l'intérieur », « l'extérieur » et le « vrai Romano »

Abstract

In the introduction a brief review of the USSR Romany literature up to 1991 is given. After a short and intensive period of its writing development (1927-1938), up to 1990-s, publications were very few and issued in Russian. In the body of the article peculiarities of Romany writing development are shown by the example of the most remarkable prose publications of the recent time. Thus, they are represented with memoirs (О. Demeter-Charskaya), a fixed (written) form of spoken history (О. Petrovich), and much rarely by literary forms as such, i.e. stories, plays, poems (G. Tsvetkov). The relationship between experience of expressive work of Romanies authors in the area of music and dramatic art, their social relations in the macro society and use and development by them of written forms of literature, not typical for the Romany culture which is traditionally word-of-mouth, is shown.The natives-foreigners social dichotomy (‘Roms/not Roms’) which is a significant concept of the traditional culture influences arrangement of the Roms’ communication space divided into an inner (native) and an outer (foreign) spheres. Both, peculiarities of written literary forms functioning in this space and influence of these forms on the space itself are shown. Mutual influence of traditions and innovations is confirmed, particularly by the fact that written forms (and their authors) may be perceived as peripheral in relation to the center of an ethnic culture but they at the same time represent a special type of boundary literature, a inter-cultural phenomenon which develops at the boundary of the Romany and the macro society cultural contact.Variety of forms and trends of Roms’ written literature development is due to both peculiarities of ethnic cultures and languages of countries of their settlement and peculiarities of the language and culture of Romanies groups as such. Thus, it is possible to consider the phenomenon of Romany literature in aspect of peculiarities of Romanies literatures as part of national literatures, and in aspect of general peculiarities of the Romany literary process.In Table 1 periodization of Russian Romany literature development is given, the relationship between social processes and development of Romanies literary genres is shown.In Table 2 the relationship between literary forms and social relations of authors is given.