Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To analyze public policies on food and nutrition in Brazil, with emphasis on the last fifteen years (2003-2018). Methods Historical-documentary analysis based on a bibliographical survey on indexed bases and exploratory visits to websites of government agencies. Results The scientific and governmental findings were organized according to the Lula, Dilma and Temer governments. They explore the development of several public policies and welfare programs in food and nutrition, focusing mainly on Brazilian Hunger Eradication Program, Assistance for Needy Families Program, National Policy on Food and Nutrition Security, Food Acquisition Program, National School Nutrition Program, National Food and Nutrition Security Policy, National Food and Nutrition Surveillance System and Brazilian Misery Eradication Program. The centrality of the idea of the fight against hunger and misery in public policies during Lula’s first and second terms and Dilma’s first term stand out. Dilma’s second term is marked by the focus on healthy eating, as well as presenting the first signs of fragilization of public policies on food and nutrition. Currently, the Temer government is characterized by processes of institutional and programmatic rupture, budget cuts and setbacks in acquired rights. There is evidence of the need to activate national and international instruments to enforce the human right to adequate food and consequent strengthening of public policies on food and nutrition. Conclusion This period presents an expansion and qualification of public policies on food and nutrition, mainly in the Lula and Dilma administration, with setbacks in the Temer administration, in which continuous budget cuts weaken social, hunger reduction, poverty reduction and food and nutrition security policies.
Highlights
In Brazil, the path of institutionalization of food and nutrition public policies, which began in the mid-1930s, converges with the history of the emergence of the profession of nutritionist, which completes 80 years of existence in 2019 [1,2].Throughout this trajectory it becomes relevant to recognize the profound economic, political, social and cultural changes that have occurred both within the context of Brazilian society and within the framework of human society
They explore the development of several public policies and welfare programs in food and nutrition, focusing mainly on Brazilian Hunger Eradication Program, Assistance for Needy Families Program, National Policy on
In the last 15 years, several studies have been identified in the field of public policies on food and nutrition in Brazil, some of which have addressed the issue in a comprehensive way [4,5,6], while others have focused on the analysis of specific programs, such as the Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE, National School Nutrition Program) [7,8,9,10]; the Programa Bolsa Família (PBF, Family Grant Program) [11,12,13,14]; the Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA, Food Acquisition Program) [15,16]; the government-backed economy restaurants program [17,18]; and the Sistema Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SISAN, National System of Food and Nutrition Security) [19,20]
Summary
In Brazil, the path of institutionalization of food and nutrition public policies, which began in the mid-1930s, converges with the history of the emergence of the profession of nutritionist, which completes 80 years of existence in 2019 [1,2] Throughout this trajectory it becomes relevant to recognize the profound economic, political, social and cultural changes that have occurred both within the context of Brazilian society and within the framework of human society. These changes include those related to the nutritional epidemiological profile, which, in the 1930s, consisted mainly of diseases associated with nutritional deficiencies. In order to foster a change in the development model beyond the focus of economic growth, it was sought a process that should be based on the effective intersectoriality between the government agencies of the different governmental spheres involved, as well as on the effective participation of the organized civil society – the main mechanism of social control of this policy – and, of promoting and guaranteeing the human right to adequate food for all Brazilians [6,20]
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