Psychometric evaluation and clinical compatibility of the Turkish version of the Children Participation Questionnaire (CPQ-T)

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Aim: The aim of this study was to adapt the Children Participation Questionnaire (CPQ) into Turkish culture and evaluate its psychometric properties in typically developing children aged 4–6 years. This study involved 235 typically developing children and 61 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Parents completed the Turkish CPQ (CPQ-T) and demographic form. The adaptation process followed the World Health Organization’s guidelines. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted, and construct validity was assessed using the Mann–Whitney U test to compare participation levels between typically developing children and those with ASD. Reliability was measured through Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability, with agreement assessed using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and McDonald’s ω. Sensitivity and specificity were determined using ROC curves. The study demonstrated significant differences in participation levels between the study group and children with ASD across all domains (p < 0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good model fit (CMIN/DF = 2.692, GFI = 0.862, IFI = 0.932). The CPQ showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.978) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.943 to 0.983). Sensitivity and specificity analyses yielded high values, with Area Under the Curve (AUC) ranging from 0.956 to 0.978. The Turkish version of the CPQ is a valid and reliable tool for assessing child participation, effectively distinguishing between typically developing children and those with ASD. This study contributes significantly to the limited literature on the CPQ, highlighting its utility in clinical and research settings for evaluating children’s participation.