Protective Effect of Water-Soluble C60 Fullerene Nanoparticles on the Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury of the Muscle Soleus in Rats.

Dmytro Nozdrenko,Uwe Ritter,Oksana Vygovska,Olexandr Motuziuk,Yuriy Prylutskyy,Kateryna Bogutska,Peter Scharff,Tetiana Matvienko,Natalia Nurishchenko

doi:10.3390/ijms22136812

Abstract

The biomechanical parameters of muscle soleus contraction in rats and their blood biochemical indicators after the intramuscular administration of water-soluble C60 fullerene at doses of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg 1 h before the onset of muscle ischemia were investigated. In particular, changes in the contraction force of the ischemic muscle soleus, the integrated power of the muscle, the time to achieve the maximum force response, the dynamics of fatigue processes, and the parameters of the transition from dentate to smooth tetanus, levels of creatinine, creatine kinase, lactate and lactate dehydrogenase, and parameters of prooxidant–antioxidant balance (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydrogen peroxide, and reduced glutathione and catalase) were analyzed. The positive therapeutic changes in the studied biomechanical and biochemical markers were revealed, which indicate the possibility of using water-soluble C60 fullerenes as effective prophylactic nanoagents to reduce the severity of pathological conditions of the muscular system caused by ischemic damage to skeletal muscles.

Highlights

Among the muscle pathologies that develop in skeletal muscles in various injuries, ischemic injuries account for more than 35% of the total number of injuries to the musculoskeletal system
The monitoring of the C60 fullerene morphology in an aqueous solution is important for controlling the particle size distribution profile, which may influence the C60 fullerene aqueous solution (C60 FAS)
The prepared C60 FAS was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)

Summary

Introduction

Among the muscle pathologies that develop in skeletal muscles in various injuries, ischemic injuries account for more than 35% of the total number of injuries to the musculoskeletal system. Ischemia−reperfusion injury of skeletal muscles is one of the main causes of post-traumatic pathologies after surgical procedures [5,6]. The main goal in the treatment of muscle ischemia is the rapid restoration of blood flow in the damaged areas. Such therapy often leads to a new pathophysiological process-reperfusion injury, which can cause significant damage to the muscle tissue. Literature data indicate that during reperfusion, free radicals, together with calcium activated caspases and calpains, can lead to apoptosis and damage to the DNA and mitochondria, resulting in additional loss of muscle functions [8,9]. The interaction of the hydroxyl radical with the hydrogen atoms of the methyl groups of polyunsaturated fatty acids initiates the peroxidation of the membrane lipids, which in turn leads to increased permeability of the cell membranes [2]

Methods

Results

Conclusion