Abstract
The impact of lead toxicity was assessed in this study by analyzing the effects of the extracts on some electrolytes, urea and creatinine concentration. Thirty-five male wistar rats (150+50g) were distributed into five groups with seven rats in each group. Extraction and all biochemical analysis were carried out using standard laboratory techniques. Group one served as control, group two as test and were exposed to lead acetate only. Groups three, four and five were treatment groups, administered carrot and garden egg, carrot and tomato, garden egg, carrot and tomato respectively. All groups received feed and water ad libitum. Lead Acetate solution was administered orally at 50mg/kg body weight while 200mg/kg body weight received mixed juicy extract. On day 15, food was withdrawn, fasted overnight with free access to water. They were euthanized under chloroform vapor and sacrificed. Whole blood was collected via cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. There was significant (P<0.05) decrease in potassium and chloride ion in group 2 (test group), compared to the control and treatment groups. Concentration of urea and creatinine in the test group was significantly higher compared with the other groups. Concentration of creatinine in group 3 and 5 significantly increased compared to control group. Effect of lead acetate was significantly reversed in group 5 compared to group 2. The results of the study indicate the potency of plants extracts against toxicity caused by the lead acetate. Flavonoids, saponins, tannins and alkaloids were present in the extracts.
Highlights
Lead is a widely used metal, but it is simultaneously a versatile, subtle, and persistent poison
Potassium concentration was found to be non-significantly (p
The presence of these phytochemicals in the extracts is in line with the report of Okwu (2013)
Summary
Lead is a widely used metal, but it is simultaneously a versatile, subtle, and persistent poison. Significant exposure to Lead is an environmental threat to optimal health and physical development in young children and affects all socioeconomic groups. Lead is one of the environmental pollutants that can destroy the life of living creatures in many ways. Lead is has been associated with human activities for the last 6000 years (Bergdah et al.1997). Lead is toxic to humans, with the most deleterious effects on the hemopoietic, nervous, reproductive systems and the urinary tract (Bergdah et al.1997). Impaired Kidney functions have been reported as one of the most silent feature of Lead toxicity (Chang et al, 1980). Functional deficits in humans that have been associated with excessive Lead exposure include enzymatic, lowand high-molecular-weight proteinuria, impaired transport of organic anions and glucose and depressed glomerular
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