Protective Effect of Increased Zinc Supply against Oxidative Damage of Sublingual Gland in Chronic Exposure to Cadmium: Experimental Study on Rats.

Paula Kostecka-Sochoń,Barbara M Onopiuk,Ewa Dąbrowska

doi:10.1155/2018/3732842

Paula Kostecka-Sochoń, Barbara M Onopiuk + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3732842

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Abstract

Cadmium is one of the main chemical pollutants found in the daily environment of developed countries. Cigarettes are a significant source of that metal, which makes it important in terms of oral cavity health. The aim of this study was to determine if increased supply of zinc in chronic exposure to cadmium might protect the sublingual gland structure against oxidative damage. The experiment took 12 months and was conducted on 72 adult male rats. They were randomized into 9 groups. Eight groups received cadmium in drinking water (as CdCl2) at 5 or 50 mg Cd/dm3 and/or zinc (as ZnCl2) at 30 or 60 mg Zn/dm3. The control group received regular water. In the sublingual gland of all animal groups, levels of oxidative parameters were measured. The oxidative stress index was calculated as a TOS/TAS ratio. Cadmium exposure at 5 mg and 50 mg Cd/dm3 induced oxidative stress in the sublingual glands of the rats. Cadmium reduced the TAS and GSH levels and increased LPO, H2O2, TOS, and OSI. In cadmium exposure conditions, increasing the supply of zinc by 79% or 151%, as compared to the standard dietary intake of this microelement, completely prevented the reduction of TAS and GSH levels and accumulation of LPO, H2O2, and TOS in the examined gland at both exposure levels to that metal. The outcome data confirm the protective effect of increased zinc intake on the sublingual gland tissue in chronic cadmium exposure.

Highlights

Cadmium is one of the main chemical pollutants found in the daily environment of developed countries [1,2,3,4]
Rat exposure to cadmium at 5 mg/dm3 is an equivalent of environmental exposure of humans to that metal, smokers; at 50 mg of Cd/dm3, it is equivalent to occupational exposure and exposure arising from high pollution and heavy smoking
This study has shown that administering zinc to animals in both doses during exposure to 5 mg or 50 mg Cd/dm3 completely inhibited the cadmium-induced increase of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and H2O2 levels and the reduction of GSH levels in the sublingual gland tissue, allowing us to conclude that zinc supplementation mitigates the oxidative stress in that gland

Summary

Introduction

Cadmium is one of the main chemical pollutants found in the daily environment of developed countries [1,2,3,4]. Cadmium is accumulated in various tissues and organs and may have serious consequences for the general population health. Chronic exposure to cadmium may damage the kidneys, bones, liver, lungs, and other organs, including sublingual glands [7,8,9,10,11,12]. An important role in the cadmium activity mechanism is attributed to its strong prooxidative properties [9, 13,14,15]. Disruptions of the cellular oxidationreduction balance may cause damage to tissues and organs and impair their functions [8, 12, 16, 17]

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