Protective Effect of Green Chiretta (Andrographis paniculata) against Methotrexate-induced Cardio and Spleen Toxicity: In-vitro and In-vivo

Abstract

Background:: Methotrexate (MTX) is a widely used medication for treating various conditions, including skin infections, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, and malignancies. However, prolonged and extreme use of MTX can lead to detrimental effects on multiple organs. Green Chiretta (GC) is a traditional medicinal plant known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunostimulatory properties. Objective:: The objective of this study is to examine the antioxidant potential of GC through in-vitro analysis and to assess the potential protective effects of aqueous leaf extracts of GC against MTXinduced cardiac and spleen toxicity. Methods:: In-vitro antioxidant activity was assessed by measuring total phenolic content, DPPH, catalase and peroxidase activity. We divided rats into five groups (n=6), and after the study, rats were euthanized and the levels of antioxidants (SOD, CAT & GSH) and lipid peroxidase (MDA), as well as histopathology modification of the heart and spleen tissues were examined. Results:: Our study's findings highlight the superiority of the aqueous GC extract's antioxidant capacity relative to other solvents (ethanol and methanol). Moreover, the aqueous GC extract's administration to rats yielded significant progress in antioxidant levels (Superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione), a reduction in lipid peroxidation (MDA), and the restoration of cardiac and spleen histoarchitecture against MTX-induced toxicity. These results collectively emphasize the extract's potential as a valuable therapeutic option against oxidative stress and tissue damage. Conclusion:: The present study revealed that the aqueous GC extract demonstrated its protective efficacy against MTX-induced cardio and spleen toxicity in Wistar albino rats