Abstract
Introduction: Renal ischemia reperfusion (RIR) is created following different mechanisms such as oxidative stress and inflammation. Objectives: The roles of chemical drugs, including aliskiren, have been evaluated in various kidney diseases. Hence, we assessed the effect of aliskiren on renal ischemia reperfusion. Materials and Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats (220±10 g) were grouped randomly in five groups; 1. Healthy control group, 2. Ischemia of reperfusion (IR) control group, 3. Rats with IR which received 30 mg/kg aliskiren orally, 4. Rats with IR which received 30 mg/kg aliskiren together with 40 mg/kg L-NAME, 5. Rats with IR which received 30 mg/kg aliskiren together with 40 mg/kg L-arginine. To induce ischemiareperfusion, rats were anesthetized treated with thiopental and went under surgery. Then, we revealed the left and right kidneys, and we induced ischemia with blocking blood vessels for 45 minutes by clamping. Biochemical parameters including urea and creatinine were measured using commercial kits with auto analyzer. Oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters were evaluated using ELISA method. Renal tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Finally, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to determine the normal distribution of data. Results: Our results showed that treatment with aliskiren and aliskiren plus L-arginine causes a significant decrease in the serum levels of creatinine, urea, albumin/creatinine and malondialdehyde (MDA), in contrast with IR control group which has increased level of these parameters. On the other hand, treatment with aliskiren and aliskiren plus L-arginine leads to increase in the serum levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in contrast with IR control group. Conclusion: The protective effect of aliskiren has been proven in different kidney diseases such as RIR and diabetic nephropathy. Our results demonstrated that aliskiren could be proposed as a therapeutic agent against renal ischemia complications.
Highlights
Renal ischemia reperfusion (RIR) is created following different mechanisms such as oxidative stress and inflammation
Effect of aliskiren on the serum level of creatinine The results showed that creatinine level significantly increased in the Ischemia of reperfusion (IR) control group in comparison with the healthy control group
The levels of albumin/creatinine significantly reduced in treated groups especially in aliskiren and aliskiren plus L-arginine compared to untreated groups and IR control group (P < 0.05)
Summary
Renal ischemia reperfusion (RIR) is created following different mechanisms such as oxidative stress and inflammation. Results: Our results showed that treatment with aliskiren and aliskiren plus L-arginine causes a significant decrease in the serum levels of creatinine, urea, albumin/creatinine and malondialdehyde (MDA), in contrast with IR control group which has increased level of these parameters. Ischemia of reperfusion (IR), is the reintroduction of blood flow into an ischemic or oxygen-deficient tissue. The absence of oxygen and nutrients in the blood during the ischemic period and the return of blood circulation, induce oxidative stress that leads to inflammation and damage to tissues such as the brain, heart, kidney, liver, lungs and skeletal tissue of the body [1, 2]. The IR causes tissue damage, and when the ischemia occurs subsequently deficiency of oxygen and nutrients develops.
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