PROTECTED AREAS IN BRAZIL: EVOLUTION, LAND USE AND COVER, AND IMPACT ON EMISSIONS INVENTORY

Roberta Zecchini Cantinho,Jimmy Alexander Hernandez Linares,José Luiz Vieira Da Cruz Vieira,Mercedes Maria Da Cunha Bustamante,Mauro Lucio Rodrigues De Assis

doi:10.5380/rf.v51i1.67761

Roberta Zecchini Cantinho, Jimmy Alexander Hernandez Linares + Show 3 more

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Faced with population growth and intensification of the use of natural resources, Protected Areas (PA) and Indigenous Lands (IL) play a fundamental role in environmental conservation. The carbon increment of preserved vegetation within these areas is accounted for as CO2 removal in the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF) sector of the National Emissions Inventory. A topological evaluation of overlaps was made of the databases of PAs (full protection and sustainable use) and ILs, showing that they represent 6% of the protected areas. Of the total of PAs and ILs areas, 43% were established by 1994, 26% by 2002, 26% by 2010, and 4% between 2011 and 2016. This evaluation showed that 30% of the territory is within PAs and ILs. In terms of area, 84% is distributed in the Amazon, 9% in the Cerrado, 4% in the Atlantic Forest, 3% in the Caatinga, 0,2% in the Pantanal, and 0,3% in the Pampa. In assessing the use and cover of 2010 of the PAs and ILs created up to this year, it was possible to notice that 68% of the areas within the PAs have preserved vegetation, whereas in ILs, this percentage increases to 89%. Under the Third Emissions Inventory, the removal of vegetation protected in PAs and ILs decreased by 16% of the national net emissions of the LULUCF sector between 2002 and 2010, showing the importance of preserving forests and grasslands.

Highlights

Population growth is linked to an increased demand for natural resources to meet human needs
Overlaps can generate a doubling up of CO2 removal count linked to preserved forests and grasslands in protected areas
The adjustment of the official database represents a meticulous processing step within the scope of the Emissions Inventory, since this base cannot be incorporated into the processing in the format provided by the bodies responsible for generating this information

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Introduction

Population growth is linked to an increased demand for natural resources to meet human needs. As a particular natural resource becomes scarce, the use of other products increases. This replacement dynamics generates a process of successive depletion of several natural resources (HASSLER, 2005). The legal provisions that regulate the creation of protected areas (PAs) were established in the National System of Protected Areas (SNUC; BRAZIL, 2000). These PAs contribute to the protection of native biodiversity and to the restoration of degraded ecosystems, among other functions (ICMBIO, 2018)

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