Abstract
This article seeks to describe and analyze how the association between the trafficking of white women and prostitution was established and reproduced in Chile, in a way similar to how the discourse was expanding internationally, with a marked direction from Europe to America, where well-defined profiles of the subjects involved in that crime were constructed: the foreign pimp or pander and the prostitute who is a victim of tricks and sexual exploitation far from her native country. The case of Chile is particularly attractive, as this country, unlike what happened on the Latin American Atlantic coast, had not received a large contingent of European immigrants to justify that this kind of discourse was so successful among local authorities and the population in general. Through the study of an indictment for white slave trafficking filed in 1934 against an Italian subject residing in Santiago de Chile, we will reconstruct at the national and international level the scenarios and contexts that allowed this type of ideas to permeate the interpretation of the local reality, which, as we will see, was far from what the victimizing paradigm of white slave trafficking tried to define as a cross-border crime. Keywords: white slave trafficking, migration, prostitution, pimping, victimhood.
Highlights
Este é um artigo de acesso aberto, licenciado por Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0), sendo permitidas reprodução, adaptação e distribuição desde que o autor e a fonte originais sejam creditados
This article seeks to describe and analyze how the association between the trafficking of white women and prostitution was established and reproduced in Chile, in a way similar to how the discourse was expanding internationally, with a marked direction from Europe to America, where well-defined profiles of the subjects involved in that crime were constructed: the foreign pimp or pander and the prostitute who is a victim of tricks and sexual exploitation far from her native country
The case of Chile is attractive, as this country, unlike what happened on the Latin American Atlantic coast, had not received a large contingent of European immigrants to justify that this kind of discourse was so successful among local authorities and the population in general
Summary
En el año 1896, la Municipalidad de Santiago de Chile se plegó a la tendencia internacional, tomada del modelo francés (Corbin, 1987), para regular la prostitución mediante un Reglamento de Casas de Tolerancia (ANCH, 1896, MSan, vol 368). La inscripción y registro sanitario de las mujeres pretendía asegurar que éstas fueran mayores de edad y, de manera tangencial, prevenir la trata de blancas, entendida como el tráfico internacional de mujeres, principalmente europeas, para el comercio sexual en países de los márgenes imperialistas del periodo. El discurso sobre el tráfico internacional de mujeres para esclavizarlas en la prostitución cobró mayor fuerza en el naciente siglo XX, en el que las potencias de Europa, Inglaterra y Francia (Walkowitz, 1990), lideraron los esfuerzos para prevenir que las mujeres blancas fueran llevadas engañadas bajo promesa de trabajo decente o matrimonio a las colonias o a los países subdesarrollados, principalmente de América del Sur, para ser prostituidas. Los abolicionistas convirtieron el ejercicio de la prostitución en un sinónimo de trata de blancas ya que se comenzó a incluir dentro de la categoría de “trata” a muchas acciones, relaciones y actividades que antes no eran consideradas como tal (Leiva, 1916, p. 10)
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