Abstract
The article discusses the main geological structures of the territory of Kharkiv, in particular the northern side of the Dnipro-Donetsk Depression (DDD) and the central graben. It is determined that these elements have different depths of the Precambrian basement: from 1 to 5 km on the side of the depression and from 8 to 16 km in the graben. The northern side of the DDD is composed of Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, while the graben contains sedimentary formations of the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The peculiarities of the geological and geomorphological structure of the territory of Kharkiv influence the formation of natural groundwater resources. In particular, the interlayering of rocks of different permeability contributes to the formation of interlayer aquifers. The city has a mineral water source “Kharkivska-1” with reserves of 2471 m³/day. The waters of the horizon have a sulfate-hydrocarbonate and hydrocarbonate composition with mineralization from 0.4 to 1.6 g/dm³. A promising horizon for artesian water supply is the aquifer in the deposits of the Alb-Cenomanian complex (K1-K2s), which is regionally distributed within the Dnipro-Donetsk artesian basin. The waters of this complex are warm, with a temperature of 20-24°C, and have a sulfate-hydrocarbonate sodium-calcium composition in the central part of Kharkiv and a sodium hydrocarbonate composition on the periphery. Water salinity varies from 0.5 to 0.9 g/dm³. The maximum water withdrawal from the K-K2s complex in Kharkiv was achieved in the early 80s of the last century, which led to the formation of a depression sinkhole about 100 meters deep. Since 1983, due to a decrease in groundwater extraction, the piezometric level has been recovering. Currently, water withdrawal from the K-K2s complex is about 4.2% of the approved reserves. Based on the analysis of geological and hydrogeological surveys, it is recommended to use the aquifer in the deposits of the Alb-Cenomanian complex (K-K2s) to organize a reserve water supply for Kharkiv. The locations of the wells are proposed taking into account the conditions of groundwater formation and recharge.
Published Version
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