Abstract

The concept of productivity has evolved over the years to represent more than an efficiency index. From issues of cost and quality, its scope has expanded to encompass social concerns such as job creation, job security, poverty alleviation, resource conservation, social responsibility, to business excellence, governance and environmental protection (Referred to as Green Productivity). Today, other concepts of productivity that have evolved include social productivity and knowledge productivity. There are several ways to understand productivity, but there are at least two essential definitions that are frequently used and adopted today. Productivity is key to maintaining competitiveness, both at the organizational and country level, and to ensure sustainable socioeconomic development. The various productivity-enhancing tools, techniques, methods and practices that have been developed and adopted over the years in the production and consumption of goods and services are essential for the dynamism of economies.

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