Prolonged use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and tibolone as add-back therapy for the treatment of endometrial hyperplasia

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the response of the various hyperplastic disorders of the endometrium to a prolonged treatment with leuprolide acetate, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a), plus tibolone, as add-back therapy, and further to study if the tibolone addition reduces the hypoestrogenic actions of the GnRH-analogue. Methods: We treated 26 women with histologically confirmed simple ( n=9), complex ( n=15) or atypical ( n=2) endometrial hyperplasia (EH) for 12 months with monthly injections of 1Ampulle/3.75 mg of leuprolide acetate, followed by tibolone, 2.5 mg per day per os. Every woman unterwent a hysteroscopic evaluation and biopsy of the endometrium after 3 (in cases with atypical EH), 6 and 12 months of treatment, as well as after 12 and 24 months of follow-up. The clinical, paraclinical and laboratory course of the disease was followed-up by using of a climacteric scoring system and by testing of various parameters. Results: The histopathologic evaluation of the endometria revealed regression of EH in all women after 12 months of treatment, however, during the first 2 years of follow-up EH reappeared in four women (4/21, 19%). Bone mineral density and serum parameters did not show significant changes during treatment, whereas only a mild suffering from hypoestrogenic side-effects was noted. Conclusions: It seems that the combined GnRH-a/tibolone treatment in women with EH is a potent alternative, so far as the endometrial status and the clinical course of the disease are concerned, whereas tibolone appears to act sufficiently as add-back therapy to prolonged GnRH-a treatment. The probability of relapse of the disease during the follow-up period makes the close monitoring of the endometrium after cessation of the treatment absolutely necessary.