Fibromyalgia and menopause often share common symptomatology, including musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, brain fog and sleep disturbances. The menopausal transition can represent a critical time at which fibromyalgia symptoms often worsen. This study examined the relationship between fibromyalgia and menopause using validated instruments. The Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR) was administered to 169 patients with fibromyalgia, and sociodemographic data and data on medication use were collected. Menopausal status was recorded, and the Greene Climacteric Scale (GCS) was administered. Linear regression analyses were performed to identify the predictors of more severe fibromyalgia impact and worse climacteric symptoms. Participants' mean age was 49.3±9.6years. Treatments for fibromyalgia included antidepressants (42.0% daily use), paracetamol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and dietary supplements. Among the peri-/post-menopausal women, 6.25% were on hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The FIQR score was a significant predictor of the severity of menopausal symptoms (β=0.38, 95% CI 0.26-0.51, p<0.001), indicating that individuals with worse fibromyalgia tended to experience aggravated menopause symptomatology. Additionally, higher body mass index (BMI) was significantly associated with greater GCS scores (β=0.84, 95% CI 0.35-1.33, p=0.001) and more severe fibromyalgia impact (β=1.1, 95% CI 0.61-1.57, p<0.001, R2=0.11). Fibromyalgia preceded menopause in 51.0% of the sample and occurred concurrently in 21.9% of the sample. The findings suggest that fibromyalgia and menopausal symptoms overlap, worsening the symptom burden for patients in menopause. Higher FIQR scores were observed among patients with a greater BMI, indicating a greater overall disease impact and poorer quality of life.

To synthesize evidence on breast plastic surgery in peri- and postmenopausal women and provide menopause-informed guidance on surgical safety, cancer screening, and long-term implant surveillance. Narrative review of clinical trials, observational cohorts, registries, guideline statements, and high-quality reviews addressing breast augmentation, reduction, mastopexy, and reconstruction in women aged 50years or more. Perioperative complications, venous thromboembolism, wound-healing and donor-site problems, long-term device outcomes (reoperation, capsular contracture, rupture, breast implant-associated malignancies, breast cancer screening performance, implant integrity surveillance, and patient-reported outcomes. Across procedures, chronological age alone is not an independent predictor of major short-term complications; risk is driven primarily by comorbidities (diabetes, obesity, smoking, prior radiation) and by hormone-related changes in skin quality, vascularity, and coagulation. Hypoestrogenic states and certain hormone therapies are associated with modestly higher rates of wound-healing problems and venous thromboembolism, particularly in microsurgical reconstruction, but absolute risks remain acceptable with optimization and prophylaxis. For implant-based surgery, reoperation rates of roughly 20-40% at 10years reflect capsular contracture, rupture, and aesthetic change, while rare late events such as breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma become increasingly relevant as women age with implants in situ. Implants reduce mammographic sensitivity, necessitating implant-displacement views and individualized imaging strategies that distinguish cancer screening from device surveillance. Despite these complexities, postmenopausal women report high satisfaction and meaningful quality-of-life gains across aesthetic and reconstructive procedures. Breast plastic surgery after menopause is safe and beneficial when comorbidities, frailty, and hormone therapy are thoughtfully managed. Menopause-informed, risk-stratified counseling and coordinated screening and surveillance plans are key to supporting durable, patient-centered breast health in midlife and beyond.