Abstract

We consider the professional competence of a future teacher of computer science as: the purpose of professional training on the educational program “Secondary education (computer science)”; professional and personal characteristics of a motivated personality; the ability of an individual to apply fundamental knowledge according to the subject of professional activity; readiness of an individual to perform professional duties; prerequisite for personal and professional development. Professional competence is a dynamic formation distinguished between the professional competence of a future teacher as of a graduate and of the one, who is already a teacher. Speaking of the formation of a competence, we mean mastering it at a certain level. In particular, in the course of higher education we distinguish purposeful formation. Its further development is carried out after obtaining a qualification, in the process of professional activity. The components of this competence are general (pedagogical) and special (subject) competencies, the latter reflecting the specifics of the teacher’s activities in teaching and learning a particular subject. In this list we highlight the methodological competence. This phenomenon is difficult, because the question of developing a unified approach to the interpretation of content and structural components remains open, but these features are not fundamentally different. They emphasize the uniqueness of pedagogical activities. The formation of professional competence is defined as a purposeful process for: mastering fundamental, integrated, systematic knowledge of Pedagogy, Psychology, Computer Science as a basic science and methods of its teaching; strengthening the motivational and value principles of continuous self-education and self-improvement, creative and responsible attitude to the profession; formation of skills to apply the acquired knowledge in practical situations that simulate professional activity; enrichment of professional experience, which should be formed in the institution of higher education at a minimum level; development of professionally significant personal qualities. The peculiarities of this process are due to the requirements of employers, the ideas of implementation in practice of psychological and pedagogical innovations and modern technologies, specified by the specifics of teaching the subject.

Highlights

  • '2, ɇȺɌȺɅȱə ɉȺȼɅɈȼȺ ɉɊɈɎȿɋȱɃɇȺ ɄɈɆɉȿɌȿɇɌɇȱɋɌɖ ɆȺɃȻɍɌɇɖɈȽɈ ȼɑɂɌȿɅə ȱɇɎɈɊɆȺɌɂɄɂ əɄ ɉɊȿȾɆȿɌ ɇȺɍɄɈȼɈ ɆȿɌɈȾɂɑɇɂɏ ȾɈɋɅȱȾɀȿɇɖ ɉɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɝɨ ɜɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɽɦɨ ɹɤ ɦɟɬɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɡɚ ɨɫɜɿɬɧɶɨɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɨɸ ©ɋɟɪɟɞɧɹ ɨɫɜɿɬɚ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɚ a ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɿɫɧɭ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɯɿɜɰɹ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨɫɬɿ ɪɿɡɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɶɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɿ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɿɣ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨɫɬɿ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɿ ɨɛɨɜ¶ɹɡɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɭɦɨɜɭ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɿɫɧɨɝɨ ɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ȼɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɳɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɽ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɢɦ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹɦ ɿ ɬɨɦɭ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɱɢ ɩɪɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɦɚɽɦɨ ɧɚ ɭɜɚɡɿ ɨɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ ɧɟɸ ɧɚ ɩɟɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɡɞɨɛɭɬɬɹ ɜɢɳɨʀ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ʀʀ ɰɿɥɟɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɢɣ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɡɞɨɛɭɬɬɹ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɭ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɽ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɿ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɿ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɿɤɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɧɚɜɱɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɭɱɿɧɧɹ ɩɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɰɟɣ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɽ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɢɦ ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɳɨɞɨ ɜɢɪɨɛɥɟɧɧɹ ɽɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɭ ɞɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɦɿɫɬɭ ɿ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɿɜ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɢɦ ɚɥɟ ɰɿ ɪɨɡɛɿɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɟ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜɢɯ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɿ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɸɸɬɶ ɭɧɿɤɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ Ɏɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɦɨ ɹɤ ɰɿɥɟɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɳɨɞɨ ɨɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ ɡɧɚɧɧɹɦɢ ɡ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɧɚɜɱɚɧɧɹ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɫɭɦɿɠɧɢɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɿɧ ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜɢɪɨɛɥɟɧɧɹ ɭɦɿɧɶ ɨɛʉɪɭɧɬɨɜɚɧɨ ʀɯ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɭɳɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɿɫɧɢɯ ɹɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚɛɭɬɬɹ ɞɨɫɜɿɞɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɚ ɮɚɯɨɦ ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɢ ɋɟɪɿɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɤɚ 2.

  • 25&,' QDWDOLLD SDYORYD#UVKX HGX XD ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɞɨɰɟɧɬ Ɋɿɜɧɟɧɫɶɤɢɣ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɣ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɜɭɥ ɉɥɚɫɬɨɜɚ ɦ Ɋɿɜɧɟ ɉɊɈɎȿɋȱɃɇȺ ɄɈɆɉȿɌȿɇɌɇȱɋɌɖ ɆȺɃȻɍɌɇɖɈȽɈ ȼɑɂɌȿɅə ȱɇɎɈɊɆȺɌɂɄɂ əɄ ɉɊȿȾɆȿɌ ɇȺɍɄɈȼɈ ɆȿɌɈȾɂɑɇɂɏ ȾɈɋɅȱȾɀȿɇɖ ɉɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɝɨ ɜɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɽɦɨ ɹɤ ɦɟɬɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɡɚ ɨɫɜɿɬɧɶɨɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɨɸ ©ɋɟɪɟɞɧɹ ɨɫɜɿɬɚ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɚ a ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɿɫɧɭ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɯɿɜɰɹ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨɫɬɿ ɪɿɡɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɶɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɿ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɿɣ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨɫɬɿ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɿ ɨɛɨɜ¶ɹɡɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɭɦɨɜɭ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɿɫɧɨɝɨ ɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ȼɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɳɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɽ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɢɦ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹɦ ɿ ɬɨɦɭ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɱɢ ɩɪɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɦɚɽɦɨ ɧɚ ɭɜɚɡɿ ɨɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ ɧɟɸ ɧɚ ɩɟɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɡɞɨɛɭɬɬɹ ɜɢɳɨʀ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ʀʀ ɰɿɥɟɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɢɣ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɡɞɨɛɭɬɬɹ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɭ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɽ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɿ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɿ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɿɤɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɧɚɜɱɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɭɱɿɧɧɹ ɩɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɰɟɣ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɽ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɢɦ ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɳɨɞɨ ɜɢɪɨɛɥɟɧɧɹ ɽɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɭ ɞɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɦɿɫɬɭ ɿ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɿɜ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɢɦ ɚɥɟ ɰɿ ɪɨɡɛɿɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɟ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜɢɯ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɿ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɸɸɬɶ ɭɧɿɤɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ Ɏɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɦɨ ɹɤ ɰɿɥɟɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɳɨɞɨ ɨɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ ɡɧɚɧɧɹɦɢ ɡ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɧɚɜɱɚɧɧɹ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɫɭɦɿɠɧɢɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɿɧ ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜɢɪɨɛɥɟɧɧɹ ɭɦɿɧɶ ɨɛʉɪɭɧɬɨɜɚɧɨ ʀɯ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɭɳɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɿɫɧɢɯ ɹɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚɛɭɬɬɹ ɞɨɫɜɿɞɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɚ ɮɚɯɨɦ ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɢ ɋɟɪɿɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɤɚ 2

  • Ɉɉɉ ©ɋɟɪɟɞɧɹ ɨɫɜɿɬɚ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɚ a ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ x ɨɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɨɜɚɧɢɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɧɧɹɦɢ ɡ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɤɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɿʀ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɹɤ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɬɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ʀʀ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɫɭɦɿɠɧɢɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɿɧ x ɩɨɫɢɥɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɿɣɧɨ ɰɿɧɧɿɫɧɢɯ ɡɚɫɚɞ ɳɨɞɨ ɧɟɩɟɪɟɪɜɧɨʀ ɫɚɦɨɨɫɜɿɬɢ ɬɚ ɫɚɦɨɜɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɨɝɨ ɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɞɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿʀ x ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɦɿɧɶ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɡɞɨɛɭɬɿ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɭ ɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿɹɯ ɳɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɸɸɬɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ x ɡɛɚɝɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɫɜɿɞɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɹɤɢɣ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɛɭɬɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɭ ɁȼɈ ɧɚ ɦɿɧɿɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ x ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɭɳɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɿɫɧɢɯ ɹɤɨɫɬɟɣ ȼɨɞɧɨɱɚɫ ɡɞɨɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɥɢɲɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɧɚɜɱɚɧɧɹ ɡɚ Ɉɉɉ ɚ ɣ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɝɨ ɜɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɪɨɛɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɩɨɡɢɰɿʀ ɩɨɲɭɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɿɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɇɟɡɜɚɠɚɸɱɢ ɧɚ ɬɟ ɳɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ʀʀ ɧɟ ɜɚɪɬɨ ɨɬɨɬɨɠɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɡ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɦɨɦ ɩɪɨɬɟ ɞɨɪɟɱɧɨ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɬɢ ɹɤ ɨɞɧɭ ɿɡ ɭɦɨɜ ɣɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɉɪɨɮɟɫɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɦ ɮɚɯɿɜɰɹ ɪɨɡɤɪɢɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ ɹɤɨɸ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɿ ɧɚ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ʈɪɭɧɬɭɸɱɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɜɦɿɧɧɹɯ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɢ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɟ ɜɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɢɯ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɶ ɳɨɞɨ ɧɚɜɱɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɭɱɧɿɜ ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɢ ɋɟɪɿɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɤɚ 2

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Summary

Introduction

'2, ɇȺɌȺɅȱə ɉȺȼɅɈȼȺ ɉɊɈɎȿɋȱɃɇȺ ɄɈɆɉȿɌȿɇɌɇȱɋɌɖ ɆȺɃȻɍɌɇɖɈȽɈ ȼɑɂɌȿɅə ȱɇɎɈɊɆȺɌɂɄɂ əɄ ɉɊȿȾɆȿɌ ɇȺɍɄɈȼɈ ɆȿɌɈȾɂɑɇɂɏ ȾɈɋɅȱȾɀȿɇɖ ɉɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɝɨ ɜɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɽɦɨ ɹɤ ɦɟɬɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɡɚ ɨɫɜɿɬɧɶɨɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɨɸ ©ɋɟɪɟɞɧɹ ɨɫɜɿɬɚ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɚ a ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɿɫɧɭ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɯɿɜɰɹ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨɫɬɿ ɪɿɡɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɶɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɿ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɿɣ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨɫɬɿ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɿ ɨɛɨɜ¶ɹɡɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɭɦɨɜɭ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɿɫɧɨɝɨ ɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ȼɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɳɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɽ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɱɧɢɦ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹɦ ɿ ɬɨɦɭ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɱɢ ɩɪɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɦɚɽɦɨ ɧɚ ɭɜɚɡɿ ɨɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ ɧɟɸ ɧɚ ɩɟɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɡɞɨɛɭɬɬɹ ɜɢɳɨʀ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ʀʀ ɰɿɥɟɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɢɣ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɡɞɨɛɭɬɬɹ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɭ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɽ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɿ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɿ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɿɤɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɧɚɜɱɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɭɱɿɧɧɹ ɩɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɰɟɣ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɽ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɢɦ ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɳɨɞɨ ɜɢɪɨɛɥɟɧɧɹ ɽɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɭ ɞɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɦɿɫɬɭ ɿ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɿɜ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɢɦ ɚɥɟ ɰɿ ɪɨɡɛɿɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɟ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜɢɯ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɿ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɸɸɬɶ ɭɧɿɤɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ Ɏɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɦɨ ɹɤ ɰɿɥɟɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɳɨɞɨ ɨɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ ɡɧɚɧɧɹɦɢ ɡ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɧɚɜɱɚɧɧɹ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɬɚ ɫɭɦɿɠɧɢɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɿɧ ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜɢɪɨɛɥɟɧɧɹ ɭɦɿɧɶ ɨɛʉɪɭɧɬɨɜɚɧɨ ʀɯ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɭɳɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɿɫɧɢɯ ɹɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚɛɭɬɬɹ ɞɨɫɜɿɞɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɚ ɮɚɯɨɦ ɇɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɢ ɋɟɪɿɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɤɚ 2.

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