Productivity of peas, winter wheat and technological indicators of the quality of sugar beet, depending on the activities of the main tillage

Abstract

Purpose. To establish the efficiency of different systems of basic tillage of podzolic heavy loam chernozem in the crop rotation link peas-winter wheat-sugar beet in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. In the process of conducting research, general scientific and special methods were used: field research, which was supplemented by laboratory methods, to establish the relationship between the research object and measures to influence it; mathematical and statistical - to determine the reliability of the results. Replacement of plowing with cultivation and without the main cultivation in the cultivation of peas and winter wheat and arable cultivation in the cultivation of sugar beet leads to an increase in its weediness due to such a replacement. It has been established that the highest yield of peas was obtained by plowing, winter wheat by cultivation, and sugar beet by plowing. Results. The use of the system of basic tillage in the crop rotation chain (cultivation for winter wheat after peas by 5-7 cm, plowing under peas by 20-22 cm and sugar beet by 28-30 cm) increases the level of its fertility to obtain stable yields with high technological indicators quality. Conclusions. On podzolic chernozem without a significant reduction in the productivity of pea crops, it is possible to replace cultivation with various measures of basic tillage and the option without cultivation to replace plowing, for winter plowing for wheat and without basic cultivation for cultivation, and for sugar beet cultivation to be replaced by plowing. It should also be noted that tillage for many decades in Ukraine has been quite intensive, and this intensity has always been due to the need to create optimal conditions for crops for growth and development. Intensive tillage due to the lack of mineral fertilizers partially increases the crop yield and ensures high rates of mineralization of soil organic matter and humus. High energy consumption and cost of production, as well as the consequence of this, among other reasons (imbalance of organic matter, reduction of organic and mineral fertilizers, etc.).