Productivity of feed crops and efficiency of their growing with organic production of vegetable raw materials

Abstract

Purpose. To study the level of productivity and analyze the bioenergetic efficiency of growing fodder crops in organic plant raw materials production. Methods. Methods of field and laboratory research in feed production, method of hypotheses, dialectical method, method of synthesis, method of analysis, method of induction, statistical method. Results. The results of scientific research on the cultivation of organic raw materials from early spring crops, winter intermediate crops and late spring crops are highlighted. The influence of winter grain crops on the growth processes of legume components in mixed agrophytocenoses is revealed, the specificity of their stratification is studied. Growing winter mixtures ripening at different times ensures a consistent supply of vegetable raw materials from the third decade of May for 10-15 days with a yield of green mass of 19.8-24.2 t/ha and crude protein 0.517-0.811 t/ha. Grain productivity of spring early crops on the background of organic fertilizers was 3.92-4.79 t/ha. It was found that late spring fodder crops in post-harvest crops are able to provide a full crop of vegetable raw materials – corn with FAO 250 and sugar sorghum in the phase of milk-wax ripeness of grain reached the level of 33.3-35.5 t/ha of green mass. 55.5-59.9 t/ha of green mass with a dry matter yield of 12.3-13.8 t/ha were obtained for the minimum tillage and the aftereffects of winter intermediate crops for two harvests from the forage area per year. Conclusions. The research developed the structure of fodder crop rotation for the production of organic fodder in conditions of the right-bank Forest-Steppe, proved the efficiency of using the range of spring early ear grain crops and species composition of late spring crops for grain and silage production, optimized seeding rates and selected species for cultivation in intermediate crops of fodder crop rotation for green fodder and haylage. This system of fodder production provides organic products in the form of vegetable raw materials for green fodder or haylage, cornage and organic grain in terms of efficient use of agro-climatic resources and arable land in the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.