Productivity and Quality of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench Cultivars in the Conditions of Primorye Krai

Abstract

In the conditions of Primorye krai, the Fagopyrum esculentum Moench cultivars of different ecological and geographical origin were studied in terms of their productivity and fruit biochemical composition. The cultivar Bashkirskaya krasnostebelnaya was found to be of interest for the purposes of breeding buckwheat for higher content of flavonoids: it exceeds the reference cultivar Izumrud by 7.5 mg/100 g. The cultivar Demetra is richer in essential amino acid content (arginine, lysine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, and tryptophane) in its fruits. The studied cultivars had more potassium (1.41–1.49) than phosphorus (0.54–0.55) in their fruits. As a result, the promising cultivars were selected as follows: the indeterminate ones—Zemlyachka, Inzerskaya, and Bashkirskaya krasnostebelnaya; the determinant ones—Demetra and Dikul with a high content of flavonoids, protein, fat, and essential amino acids in their fruits. Using the adaptability parameters, we identified the determinant cultivars Dikul and Dialogue as highly adaptable and stable; their average productivity reached 1.5 t ha–1 and exceeded the reference cultivar by 5–18%.