Productivity and economical effectiveness of intensive apple orchard with different methods of laying

Abstract

Researches to study the productivity and economic effectiveness of an intensive apple orchard with various methods of planting were carried out in 2015-2020 at the laboratory plot of the FGBNU FSC of Horticulture. Research objects: apple trees of varieties Melba, Antonovka Obyknovennaya, Kandil Orlovskiy, Orlik, Podarok Grafskomu, grafted on semi-dwarf clonal rootstock 54-118. Research goal: improving the technology of planting and growing an intensive apple orchard. It was established that the laying of an intensive orchards with uncrowned annual saplings with the formation of a column type spindle-shaped crown significantly accelerated the increase in yield at the beginning of the fruiting period and ensured a profit of 45,885,2 th. roub/ha for cultivars of the spur fruiting type. It is shown that when planting an intensive apple tree orchards with uncrowned two-year-old saplings, profits and profitability levels were significantly lower. Varieties with a mixed type of fruiting, such as Antonovka Obyknovennaya, Podarok Grafskomu had a low yield at the beginning of the fruiting period and did not meet the requirements of intensive horticulture. The planting of an intensive orchards with uncrowned annual saplings, with a planting pattern of 4.0×1.5 m, reduced the time for the formation of a column type spindle-shaped crown by half.