Abstract
Currently, special attention is paid to the environmental performance of fuels, because, the ever-increasing quantity of transport leads to an increase in the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere. In particular, for the introduction of environmentally friendly technologies for the production of diesel fuels, first of all, it is necessary to obtain diesel fuel with a low content of sulfur, nitrogen and polycyclic aromatic compounds, which requires the processes of hydrotreating, hydrocracking and hydrodearomatization are carried out, which require significant economic costs. The presented article considers an alternative process for reducing the content of harmful substances, in particular aromatic compounds in the composition of diesel fuel. The process of dearomatization of the diesel fraction was carried out using N-methylpyrrolidone as an extractant at a ratio of extractant : diesel fraction 2:1 for 6 hours. The physicochemical properties of the dearomatized diesel fraction have been studied. In the resulting dearomatized diesel fraction, the sulfur content decreased to 0.0220%, and the content of aromatic compounds to 0%, in addition, the fractional composition is facilitated, the density and viscosity decrease. In order to replenish the resource of diesel fuel, oxygen-containing additives were added to the dearomatized diesel fraction - butyl esters of fatty acids of sunflower oil in an quantity of 5-10%, and the physicochemical properties of the resulting compounds were studied. It was revealed that the addition of butyl esters of fatty acids of sunflower oil to the composition of the dearomatized diesel fraction favorably affects the quality indicators of the obtained compounds. So, there is an increase in the flash point by 6°C and the cetane number by 4-5 points, and the sulfur content decreases to 0.0198%. In addition, the diameter of the wear scar decreases by about 2 times and for a 5% compound it is 0.430 mm, and for a 10% compound it is 0.370 mm, which meets the modern requirements of the standard. Thus, obtaining environmentally friendly diesel fuel is possible by dearomatization of the diesel fraction with the subsequent addition of butyl esters of fatty acids of sunflower oil, which can be recommended as a multifunctional additive to diesel fuels.
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