Abstract
Old rubble-filled walls sometimes develop defects which appear as bows or bulges in one or both outer leaves. Common causes of such defects have been identified as rainwater penetration, repetitive cycles of freezing and thawing, and vibration from heavy traffic. Sophisticated modern methods for identifying the nature of material within a wall have been investigated, and suggest that a technique using radar is likely to provide reliable results with minimal disruption or hazard to public health and safety. Developments in repair techniques for infill material and outer leaves of rubble-filled walls have also been reviewed. The paper will be interest to those with interests in the diagnosis and repair of defects in rubble-filled walls, particularly those of environmental or architectural importance.
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