Probing vibrational eigenmodes in diatom frustules via combined in silico computational study and atomic force microscopy experimentation

Abstract

Diatom frustules, the intricately structured algal silica exoskeletons, have remarkable mechanical properties and so are ideal candidates for various engineering applications. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the eigenmode resonance frequencies of diatom frustules through the combination of in silico and experimental characterization. The predictions for the diatom resonance frequencies in the range of 1–8 MHz, which were made by COMSOL Multiphysics, were experimentally validated using the optical detection system of the atomic force microscope. Precise measurement of the resonance frequencies of thin miniature shells, such as diatom frustules, is pivotal in enabling their use for vibration-based sensing and optimal design of diatom-inspired micro-electro-mechanical system devices, which can facilitate effective energy absorption, vibration damping, and highly sensitive detection.