Abstract
Printed electronics are attractive due to their low-cost and large-area processing features, which have been successfully extended to magnetoresistive sensors and devices. Here, we introduce and characterize a new kind of magnetoresistive paste based on the anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) effect. The paste is a composite of 100-nm-thick permalloy/tantalum flakes embedded in an elastomer matrix, which promotes the formation of appropriately conductive percolation networks. Sensors printed with this paste showed stable magnetoresistive properties upon mechanical bending. The AMR value of this sensor is 0.34% in the field of 400 mT. Still, the response is stable and allows to resolve sub-mT field steps. When printed on ultra-thin 2.5-upmu hbox {m}-thick Mylar foil, the sensor can be completely folded without losing magnetoresistive performance and mechanically withstand 20, upmu {hbox {m}} bending radius. The developed compliant printed AMR sensor would be attractive to implement on curved and/or dynamic bendable surfaces for on-skin applications and interactive printed electronics.
Highlights
Printing technologies are low-cost ubiquitous techniques that are in the manufacturing process of household goods and devices [1,2,3,4,5]
A paradigm change arrived with the fabrication of pastes that were not based on nanoparticles, but on magnetic flakes obtained from thin film deposition [24, 25]
A wafer was spin coated with a sacrificial layer and deposited with a 105-nm-thick Py/Ta anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) film
Summary
Printing technologies are low-cost ubiquitous techniques that are in the manufacturing process of household goods and devices [1,2,3,4,5]. To arrive to the widespread of printed systems, we need to address the main challenges of printable electronics which are related to the instability, noise, and the low conductivity of the inks or pastes [10, 11]. Overcoming these issues will allow us to produce on-demand functional parts with printed utility systems for diverse applications as implants [12], smart devices [13], and sensors [14]. After the development of these flexible magnetoresistive composites, examples of solution-processable magnetic sensors with gel-like binders and elastomers appeared [23] These systems achieved large resistance change signal, yet typically at the expense of rather high resistance and noise. Flakes-based GMR (Giant magnetoresistance) printed sensors have achieved 37% resistance change, with good temperature stability up to 95 ◦ C, and flexed down
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