PRINCIPLES, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF ECONOMIC APPROACH TO OPTIMIZATION OF NATURE MANAGEMENT AND NATURE PROTECTION OF PODILLIA REGION

Abstract

The approaches to the formation of econet relations in Ukraine in the context of the Pan-European strategy for the preservation of biotic and landscape diversity are considered. The basic contradictions in the system of econet relations are highlighted. The essence of the eco-network approach is highlighted on the basis of the materials of the national and regional econet. The polystructurality of econet is noted, their environmental, nature-supporting, and recreational subsystems are analyzed. The identification of the basic elements of the econet should take place against the background of landscape zoning schemes of the territory, so that the natural systems of each landscape region are represented by at least one key territory. Created systems of computer-cartographic models of the Podillya econet and its components; algorithms for multivariate analysis of the NRO and the design of environmental systems of the Podillia region, in which the spatial boundaries of 41 key territories are justified, which will represent the biotic and landscape diversity of 33 landscape areas, areas of connecting territories and their buffer zones. 24 key areas represent landscapes of the zone of deciduous forests; 15 - landscapes of the forest-steppe zone and 2 key territories are confined to the zone of mixed forests. The peculiarities of the eco-network include its complexity and polystructurality with basic nature conservation, nature support and recreational subsystems with a differentiated regime of nature management of the main elements.
 In accordance with the principle of landscape polystructurality, within the territory, it is possible to distinguish landscape territorial structures (LTS) of various types, depending on the structure-forming relations, taken as the basis of this integration. From an environmental point of view, the biocentric-network landscape structure forms the relationship between the areas of natural vegetation (biocenter) and their anthropogenized environment. At the same time, the territorial confinement of biocenters, their compliance with the optimal sizes, functional features, the nature and directions of interrelationships to ensure sustainable functioning were analyzed.
 A complex combination of different-ranked network elements forms spatial polyfunctional storage systems for biotic and landscape diversity. Within the framework of these systems, several types of eco-transforming nodes (EFN) are distinguished: (EFNnl) at the national level, (EFNrl) at the regional level, (EFNll) at the local level. The created schematic map of the biocentric network LTS demonstrates that its elements do not completely cover the territory of the landscape, but form the natural frame of the territory, significantly reduces the probability of population degradation, and reduces the dependence on sharp edaphic changes in individual biocenters. This framework is the basis of the environmental protection and nature-supporting system of the region.
 Key words: eco-network approach, Podillia region, regional eco-network, biocentric-network structure, environmental system.